Automobile Airbags: Types and Working Explained

Ever wondered about the magic behind those inflatable bags that pop out of your car's dashboard in a split second during an accident? These lifesaving devices are called airbags and play a crucial role in protecting drivers and passengers in the event of a collision. Understanding their purpose and importance is essential to your safety on the road. 

Did you know that according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), front airbags alone have saved the lives of over 50,000 individuals as of 2017? This statistic underscores the indispensable role these vehicle airbags play in accident prevention. 

Whether you want to know what an airbag is or are simply curious about how much a car airbag price might be, this blog is for you! We'll deep dive into the fascinating world of automobile airbags, exploring the different types of airbags available, their working principles, and why they are so important for your safety. 

So, buckle up and get ready to understand the airbag system in your car and its crucial role in protecting you and your loved ones. 

What is an automobile airbag?

An automobile airbag is a lifesaving inflatable cushion tactically placed at various locations within the car. These bags are designed to rapidly inflate during a collision, creating a protective cushion between the occupants and the hard interior of the vehicle or external objects. 

Airbags are typically made of nylon fabric that unfolds and inflates upon deployment. However, these airbags only deploy during severe impacts exceeding a predetermined threshold, ensuring they are not triggered by minor bumps or sudden braking.

It must be noted that airbags are not designed to replace seat belts, but rather act as a supplemental safety system, working in conjunction with belts to maximise occupant protection in an accident. 

Also read : India's 5 Cheapest Cars With Airbag

How do automobile airbags work?

Now that you know what airbags are, it's time to understand how they work. The process of an airbag deploying can be broken into key steps:

Impact detection

• The airbag system relies on sensors located throughout the car, particularly at the front and sides
• These sensors detect the sudden change in acceleration and force associated with a collision

Signal transmission

• If the impact force exceeds a predetermined threshold, the sensors send an electrical signal to the airbag control unit (ACU), which is the brain of the system

Inflation initiation

• The ACU, upon receiving the signal, triggers the inflator for the specific airbag(s) involved in the crash

Gas generation

• The inflator contains a chemical compound, often sodium azide, that rapidly decomposes upon receiving an electrical signal
• This decomposition generates a large amount of nitrogen gas at high-pressure

Bag inflation

• The nitrogen gas from the inflator fills the nylon airbag at an extremely fast rate, typically within milliseconds, expanding the bag into a large, inflated cushion

Cushioning and restraint

• The inflated airbag acts as a cushion between the occupant and the car's interior, absorbing the impact force and reducing the risk of injuries from contact with hard surfaces

Deflation

• Once the initial impact force is absorbed, the airbag begins to deflate through vents in the fabric, allowing the occupant to move freely after the collision

Also Read : Cars with Airbags in India 2024

Types of airbags in cars?

Modern cars come equipped with various types of airbags, each strategically placed to offer targeted protection for different areas of the body in specific collision scenarios. Let's take a closer look at the different types of airbags:

Frontal airbags

• These are the most common type, typically found embedded in the steering column for the driver and the dashboard for the front passenger
• During a frontal collision, they rapidly inflate to create a cushion between the occupant's head and chest and the car's interior, significantly reducing the risk of injuries like head trauma and internal bleeding

Side airbags

• These airbags come in two main variations and provide additional protection in side-impact collisions and rollovers
• Seat-mounted side airbags are integrated into the outer sides of the front seats and inflate to shield the occupant's torso from impact with the door or intruding objects
• Curtain airbags are deployed from the headliner along the sides of the car, these airbags extend down to the door pillars like a curtain
• These airbags inflate to protect the head and neck of all occupants, including those in the back seat, during side impacts and rollovers, reducing the risk of head injuries and spinal cord damage

Knee airbags

• Located below the dashboard on the driver's side and sometimes the passenger side, these airbags deploy during frontal collisions to specifically protect the driver's knees and legs from colliding with the lower part of the dashboard
• This helps prevent knee fractures, ligament tears, and other leg injuries

Additional airbag types

Rear Seat airbags

• These are relatively new and are typically located in the backrests of the front seats
• They deploy during frontal collisions to protect the heads of rear passengers, especially children in rear-facing car seats

Centre airbag

• This airbag is positioned in the centre of the front seat and inflates during side-impact collisions to prevent occupants from colliding with each other

Inflatable Seat Belts

• These are primarily found in many Ford & Lincoln and Mercedes-Benz vehicles 
• Inflatable seat belts are equipped with built-in airbags that inflate during a collision to provide additional upper body and torso support, further enhancing occupant protection

What is the importance of airbags in cars?

Airbags are crucial safety features in modern cars, significantly enhancing occupant protection in the event of a collision. Here's a breakdown of why airbags are important:

• Airbags serve as a crucial safety net by rapidly deploying upon collision, absorbing and dispersing the force of impact which significantly reduces the risk of severe injuries to occupants by preventing direct contact with hard surfaces in the vehicle
• Positioned strategically in the steering wheel, dashboard, and side panels, airbags protect the head and chest areas of the driver and passengers which helps prevent life-threatening injuries that can occur during a crash
• When used in tandem, airbags and seatbelts substantially improve occupant safety, especially in high-impact collisions
• Some cars are equipped with side-impact airbags that deploy to shield occupants during side collisions
• Airbags also offer vital protection to the torso, reduce the risk of injuries to internal organs, and save lives during accidents

How to check if the airbags in a car are not faulty?

Here's how you can check if the airbags in your car are not faulty:

Visual inspection

• Check for the airbag warning light on the dashboard when you start the car
• A properly functioning system will have the light illuminated briefly and then turn off
• Look for an "SRS" label, usually found on the steering wheel cover, dashboard, or door frame, indicating the presence of the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS), which includes airbags

Physical inspection

• Inspect the exterior of the car for any signs of accidents or damages
• Impact on certain areas could affect the airbag sensors
• Ensure that the airbag cover on the steering wheel and dashboard is not loose, missing, or damaged

System self-check

• Pay attention during the car's startup sequence
• Airbags undergo a self-check, and if there's an issue, the warning light will stay on or blink
• Listen for any unusual beeping sounds or warning sounds, as they might indicate a problem with the airbag system

Professional inspection

• Include airbag inspection in routine maintenance visits to a certified mechanic or dealership
• Mechanics can perform a preliminary diagnostic scan and give you insights into potential airbag issues
• Have a mechanic test the airbag sensors, usually located at the front of the vehicle as faulty sensors may not trigger the airbags during a collision

Recall checks

• Check for recalls related to your car model using the VIN as manufacturers often issue recalls for airbag-related problems, and addressing these promptly is crucial

Automobile airbags price list

The cost of airbags can range from a few thousand to several lakhs, depending upon the make and model of your vehicle, as well as the quantity of airbags requiring replacement. It is important to note that each Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) follows unique specifications and pricing structures.

Things to keep in mind while buying automobile airbags

Here are some factors to consider when buying automobile airbags:

Compatibility

• Ensure the airbags are compatible with your specific vehicle make and model
• Check for any variations in airbag design or placement that may affect their effectiveness

Certification and standards

• Look for airbags that meet industry safety standards and are certified by regulatory bodies
• Certification ensures the airbags comply with safety regulations and have undergone rigorous testing

Number of airbags

• Consider the number of airbags in the vehicle as modern cars often come with front, side, and curtain airbags for comprehensive protection
• More airbags generally contribute to enhanced safety in the event of a collision

Sensor technology

• Evaluate the sensor technology used in the airbag system as sensor accuracy is crucial for timely and appropriate airbag deployment
• Advanced sensors can detect collision severity and deploy airbags accordingly 

Deployment speed

• Assess the airbag deployment speed as properly timed deployment is essential for maximum effectiveness and minimising injury risk
• High-speed collisions may require faster deployment to ensure passenger safety

Maintenance and replacement

• Understand the maintenance requirements and lifespan of the airbags
• Regular inspections and adherence to replacement timelines are crucial for sustained safety

Manufacturer reputation

• Consider the reputation of the airbag manufacturer and opt for well-established and reputable brands known for producing reliable safety components
• Research customer reviews and safety ratings for specific airbag models

Installation by professionals

• Ensure that airbags are installed by certified professionals as improper installation can compromise their effectiveness during a collision
• Professional installation also helps avoid potential safety hazards

Cost considerations

• While safety is paramount, consider the cost of the airbag system
• Compare prices among reputable brands to find the best value for your safety investment

Causes of a flashing airbag light and how to decode it

Faulty sensors

• The airbag system relies on sensors to detect sudden deceleration, indicating a potential collision
• If these sensors malfunction, the airbag light may flash to signal an issue
• This could be due to sensor damage or wiring issues

Clock spring failure

• The clock spring connects the airbag to the electrical system, allowing it to deploy when needed
• If the clock spring fails, it interrupts the connection, triggering the airbag light
• This failure can occur due to wear and tear over time

Seat belt pretensioner Problems

• Seat belt pretensioners tighten during a collision, securing passengers
• Issues with these mechanisms, such as faulty wiring or malfunctions, can lead to a flashing airbag light, indicating potential problems with the overall safety system

Control module malfunction

• The airbag control module oversees the entire airbag system
• If it malfunctions due to electrical issues or internal failures, it can trigger the airbag light
• Addressing problems with the control module is crucial for the overall safety of the airbag system

Disconnected airbag or impact damage

• In some cases, a flashing airbag light may result from an airbag being disconnected or damaged during a previous collision
• Impact damage can compromise the system's integrity, leading to the warning light activation

How to decode a flashing airbag light

• When the airbag light flashes, it's crucial to consult the vehicle's manual or seek professional assistance
• Most vehicles have a specific pattern for the flashes that corresponds to a trouble code
• A diagnostic scanner can decipher these codes, providing insights into the specific issue causing the airbag light activation
• Promptly addressing these concerns is vital to ensure the proper functioning of the airbag system and overall vehicle safety

Future of airbag technology

The future of airbag technology is promising, aiming to enhance vehicle safety with innovative features. Traditional airbags have primarily focused on frontal collisions, but the evolution involves expanding protection to various angles and impacts. Advanced sensors and artificial intelligence are being integrated to create smarter airbag systems capable of analysing the severity and type of collision in real-time.

Moreover, future airbags aim to address specific safety needs, such as protecting occupants during rollovers and side impacts. Collaborations with other safety systems, like pre-crash detection, are on the horizon, ensuring a holistic approach to vehicle safety. 

Additionally, there's a growing emphasis on developing airbags for pedestrians and cyclists, aiming to reduce injuries in accidents involving vulnerable road users. The continuous evolution of airbag technology signifies a commitment to making vehicles safer for everyone on the road, adapting to the complexities of modern traffic scenarios.

The bottom line

In conclusion, airbags play a pivotal role in minimising the impact of collisions, protecting occupants, and contributing significantly to overall road safety. Their rapid deployment and strategic positioning make them invaluable components in ensuring the well-being of individuals inside a vehicle during unexpected and potentially life-threatening situations.

The road ahead involves a continuous commitment to refining safety measures, ensuring that vehicles become not just modes of transportation but secure spaces for everyone on the move. Stay tuned for the unfolding chapters in the evolution of airbag technology, where each development aims to make our journeys safer and more secure.

FAQs

Q. What are the reasons for flashing airbag warning lights?

A flashing airbag warning light can signal various issues, like a faulty sensor, damaged wiring, or a problem with the airbag control unit. It's crucial to have a mechanic diagnose and fix the problem immediately, as it indicates the airbags might not function properly in a crash.

Q. Which gas is used in the airbag in a car?

The gas used to inflate car airbags is usually nitrogen. This gas is chosen because it's inert, meaning it's stable and non-flammable, making it safe for the rapid inflation required during an accident.

Q. At what speed do airbags open?

Airbags don't deploy at a specific speed, but rather based on the force of the impact. Sensors detect the sudden change in acceleration and force associated with a collision, triggering airbag deployment only in severe impacts exceeding a pre-set threshold.

Q. When did airbags become mandatory in cars?

As of January 2022, regulations in India mandate that all new cars sold in the country must be equipped with dual front airbags, meaning airbags for both the driver and the front passenger.

Q. Will airbags work without a seat belt?

Airbags are designed to work in conjunction with seatbelts, not as a replacement. While airbags offer additional protection, they won't function properly if you're not buckled up. Always wear your seatbelt for optimal safety in an accident.

Q. How does an airbag inflate?

During a crash, sensors detect the impact and send a signal to the airbag control unit. The unit triggers the inflator, which rapidly generates nitrogen gas through a chemical reaction. This gas inflates the nylon airbag fabric at high speed, creating a cushion between the occupant and the car's interior.