When Should You Change the Tyres of Your Car? - Complete Guide

The ideal time to change car tyres is an aspect of car maintenance that often takes a back seat. The fastest cars in the world, including the ones in the highest forms of motorsport as well as daily-run production cars, rely on one vital component – tyres. A set of four of these components plays an instrumental part in the performance of the car they’re shod on. Aside from providing grip, their main function is to transfer all the power and torque of the car onto the road. In other words, you could have the most horsepower and torque from the biggest engine, all amounting to nothing if it can’t be transferred onto the road. Tyres thus become the apex tool in making that transfer happen effectively.  

Yet, these critical components of your car that directly affect both safety and performance, are often overlooked. During the ownership period of a car, it’s easy to neglect these hardworking components. Tyres form the only point of contact between your vehicle and the road. Their condition plays a vital role in determining how well your car handles, brakes and maintains stability. Thus, it becomes even more vital to focus on periodic tyre maintenance, neglecting which can lead to severe consequences. CARS24 delves deep into the subject, exploring the various aspects of tyre maintenance, tips on selecting the right tyre and ideal times for tyre replacement.

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Signs that Indicate It's Time to Change Your Car Tyres

While most users go by visual indication of a tyre’s remaining life, there are several other signs that indicate that your tyres are nearing the end of their useful life and need to be replaced. Visual inspection is your best tool but it’s important to understand what to look for to determine the right time to change your car tyres.

Tread Depth Limit

The tread depth of a tyre is a critical factor in determining its ability to offer optimum grip. This becomes even more important if your driving conditions include extended monsoons and the need for water dispersion. The minimum tread depth limit advised by tyre manufacturers is 1.6mm, a depth that’s near the end of life but still considered safe to use. Driving with tyres that have lesser tread depth than this limit can have dangerous consequences as the tyre’s designed performance is compromised.

How to measure tyre tread depth

• Tread wear indicator – Tyre manufacturers have made life easy with the help of tread wear indicators. These are raised indentations inside the tyre grooves to indicate the tread depth limit. They are easy to find and if you find the tyre treads at level with these markers then it’s time to change the tyre.
• Tread depth gauge – Taking the guesswork out of the equation, a dedicated tread depth gauge offers accurate measurement of the depth of your tyre’s tread. Place the gauge into the grooves of the tread, and it will display the depth. If the depth is below the advised minimum 1.6mm mark, it is time to replace the tyre.

Uneven Tyre Wear

Uneven tyre wear reduces the effectiveness of your tyres and can lead to a loss of traction, increased risk of punctures, rougher ride quality and become an expensive proposition by requiring an early or untimely tyre change. Identifying and addressing uneven tyre tread wear early on, can help prolong the life of your tyres.

Common causes

• Alignment issues – If your car’s wheels are not correctly aligned, it can cause the tyres to wear unevenly. This can lead to poor handling and increased tyre wear, which compromises safety and performance.
• Unbalanced wheels – Building on the above point as they go hand-in-hand, unbalanced wheels can cause vibrations that lead to uneven wear. Unbalanced wheels can gradually reduce the lifespan of your car tyres and affect ride quality due to vibrations.
• Incorrect tyre pressures – Over or under inflated tyres can cause uneven tyre wear due the deformation of the tyre from its optimum shape. Always follow the correct tyre pressures suggested by your car’s manufacturer. This information can easily be found on a sticker usually located on the driver’s side B-pillar. Alternatively, one can check the car’s user manual for the information.
• Worn out lower arm bushing – The lower suspension arm pivots on rubber bushings that wear out with use and can induce negative camber into the wheels. This will result in the inner treads of the tyres wearing out much faster than the outer. Being a mechanical component, this may require a diagnosis by an authorised technician.

How to check for uneven tyre wear

• Visual inspection – A quick analysis of the tread pattern across the width of the tyre should indicate uneven wear. This may look like one side or a portion of the tyre being more worn than the other. Another verifying factor would be the apparent wear reaching the tread depth indicator on one side while not on the other side.
• Inspection by feel – Run your hand across the tyre’s surface to feel for any deformities in the tread pattern. Uneven wear can often be felt as bumps or wavy areas with mild high and low points.
• Increased vibrations – If you feel the car’s ride quality has become rougher or vibrations coming through to the steering at higher speeds, this usually indicates uneven tyre wear. The cause for which may be related to improper alignment and balancing or worn out steering and suspension components.

Tyre Sidewall Damage

Sidewall damage is often visible as cracks, bulges or cuts on the side of the tyre. These are easily inspected visually and continuing to use a tyre with sidewall damage can be catastrophic. The sidewall of a tyre is crucial for maintaining the tyre’s structural integrity. Damage to the sidewall can weaken the tyre, increasing the risk of a blowout especially at high speeds.

How to check for tyre sidewall damage

• Cracks – Small cracks may appear on the sidewall of a tyre due to age, exposure to the elements and running on low tyre pressures. While these minor cracks may not appear to be immediately dangerous, they are a clear sign that the tyre has weakened and can quickly worsen in a short period of time.
• Bulges – Bulges in the tyre sidewall indicate that the tyre’s internal structure has been compromised. This is often due to heavy impact with a curb or pothole, causing the steel liners to permanently deform.
• Cuts – Cuts in the sidewall can occur from sharp objects, debris on the road, repeated usage on rough surfaces or malpractices like climbing curbs. Periodic check for sidewall damage, both on the outer and inner side of the tyres can reveal the extent of the damage. Sidewall damages compromise the structure of the tyre and always require a tyre change.

Tyre Vibration and Noise

Tyre-related vibrations can be caused by several issues that can indicate wear and tear related issues with the car’s wheels, suspension and steering system. Unusual vibrations and noises while driving, such as humming, thumping or squealing, can be signs of tyre problems. These noises may indicate that the tyres are worn, the wheels are unbalanced, or the tyres have developed a flat spot. It’s important to investigate any unusual noises promptly, as they can be an early warning sign of tyre failure.

How to check for excessive tyre noise and vibrations

• Unbalanced wheels – When the wheels are not balanced correctly, they can create oscillations in the wheel that increase with speed. These oscillations manifest as vibrations that are felt throughout the vehicle, making for an uncomfortable ride.
• Misaligned wheels – Wheels have specified degrees of alignment, a misaligned wheel can cause vibrations as the tyres rotate unevenly.
• Deformed tyre – Flat spots in the tyre can occur due to repeated heavy braking forcing the tyres to lock up. This creates an external deformity that causes the tyre to rotate unevenly, in turn causing vibrations. Tyres can deform internally as well due to a failed internal carcass and damage to the steel belt structure.

Age of the Tyres: The Role of Time in Tyre Replacement

Tyres, just like all components of a vehicle, have a lifespan. Even if they appear to be in good condition, tyres can degrade over time making them less effective for use and potentially dangerous. As tyres age, the rubber compound becomes harder and less flexible, resulting in the tyre becoming weaker, reducing grip, increasing the risk of punctures and eventually leading to failure.

Understanding Tyre Age: Decoding the DOT Code

Every tyre has a Department of Transportation (DOT) code printed on its sidewall. This is an American standard that’s now followed globally and includes a four-digit number indicating the week and year of manufacturing. Here is how to go about deciphering the DOT code –

• A DOT code stated as “2823” would mean that the tyre was manufactured in the 28th week of 2023.
• This is the primary information that will help you determine the age of the tyre in relation to when it was bought by you and the duration after that it has been used for.
• Even if lesser kilometres have been clocked on the tyres, they can simply degrade over time, as a natural process.
• Thus, despite visible tread left on a tyre, and regardless of the mileage, the tyre should be replaced upon completion of five years. 

Environmental Factors: How Climate Affects Tyre Longevity

The environment in which your tyres are used can significantly impact their lifespan. This includes factors like –

• Weather conditions that the tyre operates in. For example, tyres used in hotter climates may need to be replaced more frequently than those in cooler regions. This is due to the high ambient and surface temperatures degrading the tyre compound quickly
• Similarly, tyre tread wear needs to be closely monitored when living in places that experience high rainfall and extended monsoon
• For running in heavy rains, maximum water displacement is needed from the tyre tread, and lesser tread would mean that the volume of water displaced at a given time, is reduced thus compromising grip and safety
• Prolonged water exposure also degrades the tyre compound faster with the early onset of cracks
• In colder conditions, the rubber compound of a tyre can become brittle, leading to cracks and compromised tyre integrity

Consequences of not Changing Tyres in Time

Failing to replace your tyres when necessary, can have serious implications not only for your safety but also for your car’s performance and operating costs. Some of these consequences include – 

Reduced Traction: The Risk of Skidding and Hydroplaning

As a tyre wears down, its ability to grip the road diminishes drastically. This reduced traction can lead to a complete loss of traction in the form of skidding, particularly on wet or slippery surfaces. The risk of hydroplaning is also increased. This is where the tyre loses contact with the road surface altogether and floats on water instead of displacing it. Maintaining adequate traction is crucial for safe driving, especially in adverse weather conditions. Worn tyres with reduced tread depth are more likely to slip, making it harder to control your vehicle and increasing the likelihood of accidents.

Compromised Fuel Efficiency: Tyres Affecting Your Wallet

Worn or improperly inflated tyres can significantly impact your car’s fuel efficiency. Worn tyres develop a higher rolling resistance, meaning the engine has to work harder to make the tyres roll to move the vehicle, leading to higher fuel consumption. Likewise, improperly inflated tyres, i.e. over or under-inflation, also increase rolling resistance and reduce fuel efficiency, making you shell out more at the fuel pump. Maintaining manufacturer-specified tyre pressures can help you save money on fuel costs. Replacing worn tyres with new ones can improve your vehicle’s fuel efficiency, reducing your overall operating expenses on the car in the long term.

Increased Risk of Blowouts: A Catastrophic Failure

Damaged tyres from excessive wear are more prone to blowouts, which can be catastrophic, especially at highway speeds. Tyre failure can occur from sidewall damage that leads to cracks, bulges, and cuts in the sidewall, weakening the tyre’s structure. Similarly, low tread depths are more susceptible to punctures and other damages that can lead to a blowout. Such a blowout at high speed can cause you to lose control of your vehicle, leading to a fatal accident. Replacing tyres before they become dangerously worn out can help prevent blowouts and ensure your safety on the road.

Impact on Braking Distance: Safety at Risk

Worn tyres can significantly increase your car’s braking distance, making it harder to stop quickly in an emergency. Reduced tread depth offers lesser grip, which means that they can’t stop as quickly as new tyres. Older tyres also become harder over time and this reduces their ability to offer traction. In wet conditions, worn tyres are more likely to skid or hydroplane, further increasing stopping distances. Ensuring that your tyres are in good condition is essential for maintaining optimal braking performance. Shorter stopping distances can be the difference between avoiding an accident and being involved in one.

How to Select the Right Tyre for the Right Driving Condition

Choosing the right tyres for your vehicle and driving conditions is essential for ensuring optimal performance, safety, and comfort. Several factors should be considered when selecting tyres. Choosing the correct tyre size ensures that your vehicle handles properly and that the tyres provide the necessary grip and comfort the car was designed for. Using the wrong size tyres can affect your vehicle’s handling, increase fuel efficiency, and even compromise safety. The factors influencing the right choice of tyres are –

Choosing the Right Tyre Size

Tyre size is one of the most important factors to consider. The correct tyre size for your vehicle is specified by the manufacturer and can be found in the owner’s manual or on a sticker on the driver’s side B-pillar along with the tyre pressures.

• Width – The width of the tyre affects how wide the contact patch is on the road. Wider tyres offer more grip but can also increase rolling resistance and compromise fuel efficiency. Wider tyres than recommended can also increase the risk of hydroplaning.
• Aspect Ratio – This is the height of the tyre’s sidewall as a percentage of its width. A lower aspect ratio means a shorter sidewall, which can improve handling but may result in a harsher ride.
• Rim Diameter – The rim diameter is the size of the wheel that the tyre fits on to. It’s essential to choose tyres that match the diameter of your wheels.

Choosing the Right Type of Tyre

Different types of tyres are designed for different driving conditions and purposes. Selecting the right tyre type for your driving conditions ensures optimal performance, safety and comfort. Using the wrong type of tyre can compromise your vehicle’s handling and increase wear and tear along with negative effects on fuel efficiency.

• All-season tyres – These tyres are designed to perform well in a variety of conditions, including dry, wet, and light snow. They are a good choice for Indian conditions.
• Performance tyres – These tyres are designed for high-speed driving and offer excellent grip and handling. However, they may wear more quickly due to softer rubber compounds and provide a harsher ride due to increased stiffness. 
• Off-road tyres – As the name suggests, these tyres are designed for driving on rough terrain and provide superior traction on dirt, mud, and rocks. They may not perform as well on paved roads and can be noisier than regular, road-biassed tyres.

Car Tyres Price and Brands

Tyre prices can vary widely depending on multiple factors, such as brand, type, and size. While it may be tempting to choose the cheapest option, it’s essential to consider the quality and reputation of the brand to ensure great overall performance. Choosing a tyre from a reputable brand ensures that you’re getting a quality product that will perform well and last longer. While budget tyres may save you money initially, they may wear out quicker as they may not be as robust in comparison, leading to higher overall running costs.

• Budget tyres – These are often the most affordable options, but they may not offer the same level of performance or longevity as mid-range and premium tyres.
• Mid-range tyres – They offer a balance between performance and cost, providing good quality and overall performance at a reasonable price.
• Premium tyres – These are typically the most expensive option, offering superior performance, longevity as well in most cases, and comfort. Premium tyres are often made by well-known brands with a reputation for quality and performance pedigree to boast.

Matching Tyres to Driving Conditions

Your driving conditions should definitely influence your tyre selection. This ensures that you get the best performance and safety from your vehicle. Using tyres that are not suited to your driving conditions can lead to poor handling, increased wear, increased fuel consumption and reduced safety.

• Urban driving – If you primarily drive in the city, you may want to opt for tyres that offer a smooth and quiet ride quality, with good fuel efficiency as well.
• Highway driving – For those who clock long highway kilometres, tyres that offer superior stability, comfort and low rolling resistance are ideal.
• Off-road driving – If you frequently drive on rough terrain or indulge in recreational off-roading adventures then off-road tyres should be your choice. They provide superior traction and durability on those surfaces and are robust.

Best Practices for Tyre Maintenance and Replacement

Maintaining your tyres properly is essential for ensuring they last as long as possible and provide optimal performance. Regular inspections help you catch problems early, allowing you to address them before they lead to more severe issues. This can save you money on repairs and help prevent accidents caused by tyre failure. Here are some best practices for tyre maintenance and replacement –

Regular Inspections: A DIY guide

Regular inspections are essential for catching tyre issues early on, before they become more serious. A quick visual inspection from time to time is all that is required.

• Visual inspection – Look for visible signs of wear such as uneven tread wear, cracks, bulges, or cuts on the sidewall, and even look for slow punctures. Check the tread depth using a tread depth gauge or with the tread wear indicator on the tyre.
• Tyre pressure – Check your tyre pressure regularly as per the manufacturer recommended pressures. Underinflated or overinflated tyres can lead to uneven tyre wear and reduce fuel efficiency. The correct tyre pressure can be found in your vehicle’s owner’s manual or on a sticker on the driver’s side B-pillar.
• Suspension and steering – Check for unwanted noise and vibrations either from the tyres or suspension and steering system, as they can contribute to uneven tyre wear.

Rotating Tyres: Extending Tyre Life

Rotating your tyres regularly helps ensure that they wear evenly, extending their lifespan. Tyres in the front experience different loads to the ones at the back of the car thus regularly rotating your tyres helps ensure even wear on all four of them. It also helps maintain balanced handling and traction, especially in front-wheel drive vehicles.

• Rotation patterns – There are different rotation patterns depending on whether your vehicle is front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive. Your vehicle’s owner’s manual will specify the recommended rotation pattern.
• Frequency – It is generally recommended to rotate your tyres every 10,000-15,000km. You can simplify the process by coinciding it with every service to maintain a constant cycle of rotation.

Tyre Alignment and Balancing: Ensuring Smooth Performance

Proper alignment and balancing are essential for maintaining smooth handling and ride comfort. Maintaining proper alignment and wheel balance ensures that your tyres wear evenly and provide optimal performance. It also helps prevent issues like higher vibrations and increased road noise, reducing driving comfort and safety.

Wheel alignment – Misaligned wheels can cause uneven tyre wear, poor handling and increased fuel consumption. Regular alignment checks help ensure that your vehicle’s wheels are correctly aligned and true in rotation.

Wheel balancing – Unbalanced wheels can cause excessive vibrations, leading to uneven tyre wear and a rougher ride feel. Balancing your car’s wheels ensures that they rotate smoothly and evenly.

Conclusion

The importance of tyres as a crucial component to your car’s performance and safety can’t be stressed upon enough. It becomes even more important to understand when to change your car tyres. By regularly inspecting your tyres, monitoring their age and being aware of the signs that indicate the time for a replacement, you can avoid the risks associated with worn or damaged tyres. Selecting the right tyres for your driving conditions and following best practices for tyre maintenance, such as correct tyre pressures, tyre rotations, wheel balancing and alignment checks, all contribute to ensuring that your tyres last longer and provide the best possible performance. Remember, your tyres are the only point of contact between your vehicle and the road, so keeping them in good condition is vital for your safety and the safety of others on the road.

FAQs

Q. How often should I check my tyres for wear?

It is recommended to check your car tyres for wear at least once a month. Regular inspections help you catch slow punctures, cracks, cuts and any other issues early to ensure that your tyres remain in good condition.

Q. How can I tell if my tyres need to be replaced?

You should replace your tyres if the tread depth is below the tyre tread wear indicator. These are raised little blocks between the treads that help gauge the wear. You should also consider replacement if there are visible signs of damage such as cracks, bulges, cuts or if the tyres are more than five years old, regardless of tread depth wear.

Q. How do I measure tyre tread depth?

The easiest way to measure tread depth is with a visual comparison of the remaining tread height versus the tread wear indicators built into the tyre. There are dedicated tyre tread depth measuring gauges available too and you should be looking for a minimum safe depth of 1.6mm.   

Q. Can I still use my tyres if they are past the recommended age?

It may be tempting to continue using tyres that visually appear to be in good condition but it is generally not recommended to use tyres that are more than five years old. The rubber degrades over time, which can compromise the integrity of the tyre thus your safety on the road.

Q. How do I choose the right tyres for my vehicle?

When choosing tyres, consider factors such as tyre size, type of tyre, price and brand reputation. The best guide to selecting the correct size is to go with the manufacturer recommendation. Getting tyres that are suitable for your driving conditions is also a vital factor.

Q. Can I replace just one tyre or do I need to replace all four at once?

General recommendation is to replace all four tyres at once for optimum handling and performance. This however, can be on a case to case basis where if only one tyre is damaged, you may replace just that tyre while taking into consideration the remaining life and condition of the others. Ideally, the same model and tread pattern should be selected and matched with the others in size and type.